Turning-tool for lathes.



. PATENTED vSEPT. 6', 1904.

J. HARTNBSS. TURNING TOOL FOR LATHES.

APPLICATION FILED we. 19, 1902. V

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J. HARTNESS,

TURNING TOOL FOR LATHES.

APPLICATION FILED DEG. 19, 190 2.

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Nb. 769,219. PATENTED SEPT.'6, 1904. J. HARTNBSS.

TURNING TOOL FOR LATHES. APPLICATION FILED DEG. 19, 1902. no M01921, manna-sum,

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Patented. September 6, 1904.

PATE T OFFICE.

JAMES HARTNESS, OF SPRINGFIELD, VERMONT.

TURNING-TOOL FOR'LATHESL SPEGIFIGATIQN forming part of Letters Patent No. 769,219, dated September 6, 1904.

Application filed December 19, 1902. Serial No. 135.871. (No model.)

To all whom it mayooncern:

Be it known that I, JAMES HARTNESS, of

Springfield, in the county of Windsor and State f of Vermont, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Turning-Tools for Lathes, of which the following is a specifica:

. tion.

This invention has relation to turning-toolsfor lathes, and has for its object to providea' tool of the character described with means whereby the cutter may be set at-any one of a predetermined number of positions.

In carrying out the object of the invention I have made in addition provisions for adjusting the abutments which regulate or determine the position of the cutter, so that the tool is adapted for performing any series of turning operations upon the work that'may' shapes of shoulders on the work, either curved or square, as the case may be. The holder for the cutters may be detachablyimounted in the casting which forms the body of the tool for the removal and insertion of the cutters, and itmay be secured indifferent'posi tions, as previously stated. To cooperate with the cutter provide an the work, which in abutment or back-restfor bar-working machines determines the diameter of the finished workor the depth of the out To prevent any inaccuracy in the cutting operation, this-abutment or back-rest is in sliding engagement with the work, and it is arranged directly opposite the cutter.

The tool is provided with devices by means of which it may be set in any one of a predetermined number of positions corresponding to the positions of the cutter.

The stops for the 1backrestaredetachableand adjustable, so that provision is made'for holding the back-rest in any one of a plural ity of series of predetermined positions.

In additionto the back-rest there is provided a top or thrust rest, which is located between the point of contact of the back-rest and the contact of the tool with the work.

This thrust or top rest takes the burden of 'the thrust where a properly-ground cutter is employed, and inasmuch as the heat generated by the friction of the rest usually cuts down the speed at which-the work may be rotated nearly fifty per cent. the said rest is constructed in the form of a roll, the location of the said roll bein'gsuch that even if a small particle or chip should get-between it and the work the latter would not be forced materially against the cutter, so as to cause the latter to dig into the work." The back-rest and the thrust-rest are formed on or secured to a suitable holderor carrier, which is adjustable to provide for the back-rests either preceding or following-the cutter,- according to the exigencies 'ofthe case. 1

Additional mechanism is provided for so adjusting the carrier or holder that. the two rests mayaccurately engage the work.

In addition to these features which I have briefly enumerated the invention consists of certain features of construction and arrangement of parts, which are illustrated in the drawings above referred to and pointed out in the following specification.

On the drawings, Figure 1 represents in front elevation a turning-tool constructed in accordance with 'my invention. Fig. 2 represents a side elevation of the same. Fig. 3 represents a planyiew of the tool. Fig. 4 represents the tool partially in section and illustrates the position to which the rest carrier or holder may be adjusted. Fig. 5 rep ,resents a view of the other side of the tool.

on'the line 6 6 of Fig. 6 represents a section I Fig. I. Fig. 7 represents a section on the line 7 7 of Fig.6. Fig; 8 represents a section on the line-8 8 of Fig. 1. Fig; 9 represent's a transverse vertical section through the tool.' Fig. 10'repre'sents the cutter holder or carrier and the means for determining the position thereof. Fig. 11 representsfa section on the line 11 11 of Fig. 9 looking in';the

direction of the arrow. Figs. 12 and 113 show or carrier.

On the drawings the body of, the tool is inthe means for securing the cutters in the holder IOO dicated as a whole at 20. It has a fiat base ment with the end of the tool-holder, as best with a tongue 21 to enter a groove in the tur- 5 ret of the lathe in case the tool be secured thereto, as indicated in Fig. 1, in which event bolts 23 are passed downward through apertures in the body into sockets in the turret. The body is formed with an aperture 22 to receive the work, and it is provided with strengthening-webs 24, which project rearwardly at its sides.

In an inclined guideway 26, formed in the body, there is placed a cutter-holder 27, which is adapted to slide toward and from the'aperture 22. Said holder is in the form of a cylinder with flattened sides, one side being exposed to view from the front of the machine, the guideway 26 being open for this purpose. In each of the flat sides of'the holder 27 there is formed a groove 28. One wall of each of the grooves is undercut, as indicated in Fig. 13, and the other is first undercut and then beveled. In these grooves are placed two cutters 29 and 30, respectively, said cutters being so constructed that one will form a square shoulder and the other will make a rounded out to form a round shoulder. The cutting edges' of the cutters project in opposite directions, so that when one of the cutters is in operative position, as shown in Fig. 1, the edge of the other cutter is in an inoperative position, as shown in Fig. 9. By removing the holder with the hands it may be replaced, so that either cutter will be presented to the work as desired. Said cutters are so formed as to fit snugly within grooves 28, formed for their reception, and each one is held accurately in the position to which it may be adjusted by a locking-pin 31, having one end abutting against the cutter and its other end beveled, as shown in Fig. 12. A screw 32 bears against a wedging-pin 321 in engagement with the beveled end of each of the locking-pins 31, so that when it is forced inward the. locking-pin is wedged tightly against the cutter so as to hold it in position.

The cutter-holder as a whole is adapted to be moved rectilinearly toward the work against the pressure of an incased spring 33. This spring is placed in a tube or casing, one end of which is closed, said casing being located in a socket formed in the body 20 of the tool-holder. The casing for the spring also fits within a groove formed in the inner end of the cutter-holder, and said casing therefore locks the said holder against rotative movement and preserves the accurate relationship of the cutter and the work.

For moving the said holder to desired position'an actuator is employed, comprising a bar 35, having a handle 36. The said bar is pivoted in ears formed on the head of a screw passed through the body or frame 20 of the tool. On its two edges the bar 35 is formed with two cams or projections 38 39, either of which may be brought into engageshown in Fig. 1, for the purpose of forcing the said tool-holder against pressure of the said spring 33 toward the work. The screw 37 may be given a half-turn in either direction, so as to bring either operative projection 38 39 into engagement with the said holder. The projections are so formed that one of them will force the tool-holder farther toward the work than the other.

For holding the handle 36 in any one of a plurality of positions the frame or body 20 is provided with a plurality of adjustable screws 40. These screws are placed in brackets 41 42, formed on or attached to the frame or body 20, and their edges are separated to permit the handle to be moved upward between them for its reversal. The screws 40 are so placed or located that the bar 35 may occupy a position under any one of them without being engaged by either of the others. The said screws are adjustable in a direction substantially toward and from the work, so that the location of the lower end of each determines the position occupied by the bar 35 when it is engaged therewith, the said bar 35 being adapted to swing laterally for this pur pose. Each of the screws 40 may be held in place by a looking or set screw 43, arranged transversely thereto. By this construction it will be seen that the tool may be adjusted to any one of eight positions by reversing said bar 35 and locating it under said screws. The brackets 42 are so located as not to interfere with the free removal and partial rotation of the tool-holder, as shown in Fig. 10.

In conjunction with the tool-holder there is provided a carrier or holder for the back-rest and the thrust-rest, to which reference has been hereinbefore made. The said carrier is indicated as a whole at 43. .It is pivoted upon an eccentric-pin 44, projecting from a longitudinally-movable rock-shaft 45, journalcd in the frame or body directly above the workaperture 22, as shown in Fig. 9. The said carrier is adapted to be held yieldingly away from the work by a spring-pressed pin 46, whose upper end is in engagement with a stud 47, projecting rearwardly from the carrier, as shown in Figs. 1, 3, and 9. The back-rest is afforded by the inner edge of the carrier, as indicated at 48, although it may be formed separately and secured thereto. This backrest 48 is substantially directly opposite the edge of the cutter when the latter is in operative position. The thrust-rest consists in the present embodiment of the invention of a roller 49, which is journalcd upon a serewstud 50, projecting forwardly from the carrier 43. The point of engagement of the thrustrest with the work is between the points of engagement of the cutter and the back-rest with the work. The curve of the back-rest is greater than the peripheral curve of any work that is adapted to be passed through the work-aperture 22 and is such that irrespective of the position of the carrier 43 or the diameter ofthe work the work will be en' gaged at two points without independent ad-' justment'of the rests.

The curve of the back-rest is arbitrary; but

it is formed so that as the carrier isswung to the carrier, and its periphery projects beyond the curved inner edge or-surface of the carrier, so that the roll engages the work at a point between the point of engagement of the cutter and the back-rest and takes the thrust of the cutter. By means of this construction the carrier maybe swung about its pivot to accommodate large orsmall sizes of work, and in each case the work will be accurately engaged at the proper points by both I rests without the necessity of adjusting each rest independently of the other, as has hithertobeen necessary. For the purpose, however, of bodily adjusting "the carrier 43, and therefore the rests,in a direction substantially transverse to the movement of the carrier about its axisin case the rests are unevenly'worn the rock-shaft 45 may be rotated. To'this end'it is provided with an upwardly-projecting handle 51, adapted to restagainst either one of a pair of adjustable stops 52 53,said stops being in the form of screws passed through a rearwardlyprojecting pin 531, carried by the frame or body 20. Thesaid handle 51 is held against said screws or stops by the spring-pressed pin 46, hereinbefore referred to. For the purpose of engaging the handle with either one of said stops the rock-shaft 45 is longitudinally movable to either of two different positions.- The said shaft is provided with two circumferential grooves 54 54, connected bya longitudinal groove 55. A spring-pressed pin 56 in the standard or frame projects into one or the other of the grooves 54: to hold it against longitudinal movement with the handle 51 in line with either of the stops 53. By moving the rock-shaft to abnormal position the groove 55 may be brought into alinement with the pin 56 to permit the longitudinal movement of the shaft 45.

For the purpose of supporting the lower free end of the carrier in either position to which it may be moved by reason of the longitudinal movement of the rock-shaft 45the said end of-the carrier is provided with a rocking pin 57,having an'eccentr-ic head 58, which may be engaged with a groove 59, undercutin the face of the frame or standard. The 'pin 57 is adjustably'mounted in the carrier, but is adapted to be readily secured therein by a set-screw 6O after'thecarrier has been bodily adjusted in a direction of movement longitudinal of the axis of the work. The engagement of the head 58 of the pin 57 in the groove 59 when the parts are in operative position prevents any loose play of the'carrier longitudinally of the work and takes whatever strain may occur by reason of the movement ing it at any one of a plurality of positions corits axis toward and from the work and for locat-' responding to the-positions occupied by the tool-holder the following mechanism is provided: By reference to Figs.'3, 6, and 9 it will be observed that there is journaled in the standard below the work-aperture 22 a sliding bar I 63, having a-handle 6 L. Thisbar is arranged at right angles to the work, and it is provided with a groove 65 to receive the head 58 of "the pin 57, carried bythe carrier 43, so that by'moving the said bar 63 longitudinally the said carrier may be swung about its axis to- "wardand from the work.

The said bar 63 is provided with a laterally projecting'pin 66,

which-.may be brought into alinement with the end of any one of a plurality of adjustable screws 67,arranged in'a curve around the bar 63 and projecting inwardly from the rear side of the standard. Each of the said screws67 is adapted to be secured in position by a set-screw 68.

As has already been said, the spring-pressed pin l6tends to move the carrier 43 away from the work, and the spring is strong enough to hold the projecting pin 661against the endof thescrew or stop 67 with which it may be' in alinement. The-screws 66 may be adjusted toward and from a vertical plane passing through the axis of the work, and hence byrotating the bar 63 so as to bring the'pin 66 into alinement with the end of any one of said screws the rest -carrier may be quickly brought to a predetermined position with relation tothe work.

I have hereinbefore referred'to the part 18 as the back-rest, as that is thename which is usually employed for the rest which is. directly opposite the edge of the cutter and which serves to hold the Work against lateral movement by reason of the engagement of the cutter therewith. 1 The said part may, however, be termed the size-determining rest, inasmuch as the said surface determines the size of the work. This part is preferably a smoothsurface in sliding engagement withthework.

The roll 49 has been termed the thrust rest, although with the present embodiment of the invention it maybe called-the itop rest, it being readily understood, however, that it could be located on the other side of a line connecting the points of engagement of the cutter and the size-determining rest with the work. The roll 49 takes the burden of the thrust, and since the heat generated by the friction of the rest usually cuts down the speed at which the turner may be run the employment of the roll prevents the generation of heat.

Where two rests-a size -determining rest and a thrust-rest-are both in sliding engagement with the work,heat is generated, as stated, to a greater extent than is desirable, whereas Where both rests are in rolling contact with the work the chips are apt to work down between the work and the size-determining rest and force the work toward the cutter, so that the latter forms deep gouges or cuts therein, which greatly injure the work. According to the present invention, however, the sizedetermining rest is in sliding engagement with the work and the thrust-rest is in rolling engagement with the work, sincea sliding movement of the Work in a line parallel to a tangent to the periphery of the work at the point of engagement of the cutter therewith would not causethe cutter toinjure the work. Both of these rests are mounted upon a single carrier, Which is pivoted to the main frame and which is therefore easily adjusted about its pivot and fixed at any desirable point in its adjustment, all without, as previously stated, requiring the independent adjustment of either one of the rests. The adjustable stops 52 53 provide for bringing the rests properly against the work to insure the perfect contact of each.

The employment of the eccentric-pin, the longitudinally-movable shaft 45, and the stops is for permitting a slight withdrawal of the top and back rest in the removal of the tool I from the work and to furnish an auxiliary means for bringing the top and back rest forcibly into position after the bar 63 of the carrier has been adjusted.

Referring once more to the cutters 29 and 30, it will be seen that each is in the shape of a bar, with two flat parallel sides a b, the side I) being wider than the side a. The bottom of the cutter has a single bevel to provide a large area to that part of the shank which takes the thrust. The top of the cutter has a V-shaped groove, which not only furnishes a cutting edge, but also provides a bevel 0, so that the cutter may fit in the dovetail groove in the holder. The clamp 31 engages the cutter-shank on the side 6 near the top; but when a single cutter is placed in the holder the location of the clamp may be changed. It is apparent that the arrangement of the screws 32 in parallelism with the cutters makes a very convenient and simple construction.

It Will be understood that various changes may be made in the particularembodimentol the machine herein illustrated and that various parts of the invention may be employed separately or independently of other parts.

Having thus explained the nature of themvention and described a way of constructing and using the same, although without attem iting to set forth all of the forms in which it may be made or all of the modes of its use, I declare that what I claim is-- 1. A turning-tool comprising a size-determining or back rest, a thrust-rest, a swinging carrier for said rests, and means including an eccentric pivot for said carrier, by which the carrier may be adjusted with relation to the work.

2. A turning-tool, comprising a main support, acutter thereon, a carrier pivoted to the support and adjustable about its pivot, said carrier having a size-determining rest substantially diametrically opposite the point of the cutter, and also having a roller thrust-rest journaled thereon and arranged to bear on the work between the size-determining rest, and the cutter to resist the thrust of the cutter, and means for engaging and holding the free end of said carrier at different points in its adjustment.

3. A turning-tool comprising a support, a cutter on said support, a carrier pivoted to the support and movable toward and from the work and having a curved surface opposite the cutter, said curved surface being such that it engages the work to serve as a sliding rest for the work substantially opposite the cutter irrespective of the diameter of the work and means for lixing the free end of the carrier.

i. A turning-tool comprising a cutter, a carrier having a curved edge opposite the cutter and spaced therefrom to permit the passage of the work between them and adapted to operate as a size-determining rest, and a roller journaled on the carrier and having the periphery projecting beyond the size-determining rest to engage the work and serve as a thrust-rest, and means for fixing the free end of said carrier.

5. A turning-tool comprising a size-determining rest, a thrust-rest, a pivoted carrier for both of said rests, and means for adjusting said carrier in lines toward and from the work, and in lines intersecting the first-mentioned lines.

6. A turning-tool comprising a size-determining rest, a thrust-rest, a pivoted carrier for said rests, means for adjusting said car rier about its pivot toward and from the work, and means for adjusting said pivot to move said carrier and the rest tangentially of the work.

7. A turning-tool comprising a frame, a cutter, awork-rest, a movable carrier for the said rest, and a plurality of independent deseparate predeterminedposition independ- ,ently of the other devices.

' 8. A turning-tool comprising a frame, a

cutter, an adjustable work-rest, and a pluralityof independent stops, for holding said rest successively in a plurality of predetermined.

positions, independently of each other.

9. A turning-tool comprising a'frame, a cutter, an adjustable work-rest, a plurality of adjustable stops or abutments on the frame, 1

and means for engaging said rest with any one of said stops or abutments independently of they others, and thereby effecting a multiple adjustment of said rest.

10. A turning-tool comprising a frame, a cutter, an adjustable worlcrest, a plurality of stops or abutments on said frame, and an oscillatory member connected to said work-rest and adapted to be engaged-with said stops.

11. A turning-tool comprising a frame, a cutter,a Work-rest adjustable towardand from the work, and independent adjustable stops or abutments for resisting the thrust of the rest in the described lines of adjustment of the said rest independently of each other.

12. A turning-tool comprisinga frame having provisions for attachment to a lathe-slide, a cutter-holder adapted to slide on the frame, a lock on said frame, a lever bearing upon said cutter-holder, and a unversal joint connecting said lever to said frame whereby said lever is movable longitudinally of said holder, and is movable laterally thereof to be engagedwith said lock. v r

- 13. A metal-turning tool for turret-lathes comprisinga frame having means for attachment to a turret, a holder on said frame movable substantially perpendicularly to the work-axis, and rotatively adjustable about an axis parallel to its lines of movement, cutters projecting in the same direction and secured to said holder in parallelism to each other and I to the line of movement of said holder, and means for securing said holder in said frame. 1A. A metal-turning tool for lathes comprising a frame having provisions for attachment to a lathe, a longitudinally-movable holder in said frame adjustable about its longitudinalq axis, which is transverse to the work-axis and cutters secured to said holder in parallelism to each other and to said longitudinal" axis, said cutters having their edges projecting in the same direction. 1 V

15. A turning-tool comprising a framehaving provisions for attachment to a lathe-ca riage, a cutter-holder having a plurality of parallel cutters, provisions whereby said holder maybe rotated to bring a cutter thereon tooperative position with relation to the axis of the work,- and means for moving said holder in lines longitudinal of its axis of rotation and parallel to the cutters to advance the cutter transversely with relation to the work-axis.

transversely of the work-axis, a holder movable in said guideway, provisions. whereby said cutter-holder may be rotated about an axis transverse to the work-axis and parallel of the lines of movement of said holder to bring a cutter thereon in operative relation to the work, and having parallel grooves in its periphery for the reception of a plurality of cutters.

18. A turning-tool for lathes comprising a frame, a longitudinally-movable holder in said frame having one or morecutters pro ecting from one end thereof, a movable abutment lock connected to the frame and bearing ,against the other end of said holder to resist.

the thrust of the work thereon.

19. A turning-tool for lathes comprising a frame,a longitudinally-movable'holder in said frame having one or more cutters projecting from one end thereof, a movable-abutment lock connected to the frame and bearing against the other end of said holder to resist the thrust of the work thereon, and a plurality of independent stops to be severally engaged by said lock to maintain the holder in different adjustments.

20. A turning-tool for lathes comprising a frame having a guideway with solid surrounding walls, a holder in said guideway withone or more cutters affixed to the side or sides thereof with their outer surfaces flush with the outer surface of the holder, said cutter or cutters projecting from one end of said holder, and an abutment bearing against theother end of the holder.

IIO

21. A turning-tool comprising a frame, having provisions for attachment to a lathe-turret, a movable cutter-holder arranged transversely of the work, a spring against which one end of the holder bears, and a plurality of independent stops on said frame, and a movable lever or abutment attached to said frame to bear against the other end of said holder,

said lever or abutment being adapted for engagement with any one of said stops.

22. Aturning-tool comprisinga frame, having provlsions for attachment to a lathe-turret, a movable cutter-holder arrangedtransversely of the work, a plurality of independent stops or abutments on the frame,. and a lock pivoted to said frame, bearing against the holder and adapted to be engaged with any one of said stops to maintain said holder in l any one of a plurality of different positions. l

23. A turning-tool comprising a frame hav- '1 ing provisions whereby it may be attached to a lathe-turret, a movable cutter-holder, a member on said frame for locking said holder, and a plurality of stops or abutments on said frame for engaging and positioning said member independently of each other.

24:. A turning-tool comprising a frame having provisions whereby it may be attached to a lathe-turret, a movable cutter-holder, a member for locking said holder, and a plurality of independent stops or abutments on the frame for singly and separately engaging and positioning said member independently of each other.

25. A turning-tool comprising a frame, a movable cutter-holder, a plurality of inclependent stops 0r abutments on said frame arranged in series, and a member for locking said holder and being laterally movable for engagement with any one of said stops or abutments.

26. A turning-tool comprising a frame, a movable cutter-holder, and a reversible memher having oppositely-projecting cams of different lengths for engaging and moving said holder.

27. A turning-tool comprising a frame, a 3

work-rest, an oppositely-disposed tool-l'iolder, a plurality of independent devices for efi'ecting independently of each other a predetermined multiple adjustment of said work-rest, and a plurality of independent devices for effecting a corresponding predetermined multiple adjustment of said tool-holder.

28. A turning-tool comprising a frame having an aperture for the work and a socket transverse thereto, a holder in said socket and adapted to be removed, partially rotated and reinserted in said socket, means for preventing the rotation of said holder when it is in said socket, parallel cutters secured in the sides of said holder, and projecting from an end thereof, and means for adjustably securing said holder in said frame.

In testimony whereof I have afiixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JAMES HAR'IN ESS.

Vitnesses:

D. S. BROWNELL, J. W. \VALKER. 

